生物法合成γ-氨基丁酸的研究策略*

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是一种极易溶于水的非蛋白质氨基酸,被广泛应用于食品和制药工业中,市场需求量极大。可通过化学合成法、植物富集法、微生物直接发酵法和生物转化法生产。近年来,因生物法合成GABA具有相对优势,受到研究者们的重视。对GABA的生产方法、生产GABA的微生物、微生物合成GABA的关键代谢途径和GAD酶的定向改造策略进行了论述。

Research Strategy for Biosynthesis of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a kind of non-protein amino acid which is very soluble in water. It is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry, and the market demand is very large. It can be produced by chemical synthesis, plant enrichment, microbial direct fermentation and biotransformation. In recent years, the synthesis of GABA by biological methods has its relative advantages, and has been paid attention by researchers. In this paper, the production methods of GABA, the microorganisms producing GABA, the key metabolic pathway of GABA synthesis and the directed transformation strategy of GAD enzyme were discussed.