张掖市不同海拔地区5个胡麻品种品质特性比较分析

胡麻是甘肃省主要经济作物之一，海拔2 400 m以下的河西地区为甘肃高产区。为探明张掖不同海拔高度对胡麻品质特性的影响和不同胡麻品种的最佳种植区域，利用近红外品质分析仪，分析了张掖市4个不同海拔地区5个胡麻品种的常规品质指标、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量差异。结果表明：蛋白质、粗脂肪、膳食纤维、棕榈酸、十七碳酸、豆蔻酸、二十四碳酸、油酸和α-亚麻酸含量的品种和海拔间互作效应极显著(P<0.01)；山嵛酸、棕榈油酸、顺-11-二十碳一烯酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸和顺-11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸含量随海拔高度不同，变化较小，稳定性好。在高含油量育种目标的基础上，兼顾高三大主要不饱和脂肪酸（α-亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸）、低两大饱和脂肪酸（棕榈酸和硬脂酸）以及高蛋白质等其他品质育种目标的角度考虑，在张掖市甘州区、高台县巷道镇和民乐县三堡镇、民乐县六坝镇，最适宜种植的胡麻品种分别是5-9812-2-1、09-3-11、张亚2号。不同海拔高度对胡麻各品质指标具有重要影响，张掖市作为优质胡麻籽生产基地，可利用不同胡麻品种适宜种植区域不同，大力发展胡麻籽品质育种和胡麻籽综合开发等。

Analysis on Quality Character of Five Flaxseed Varieties in Different Altitude Regions of Zhangye

Flaxseed is one of the main cash crops in Gansu Province, and Hexi area below 2 400 m above sea level is a high-yielding area in Gansu Province. In order to find out the influence of different altitudes on the quality characteristics of flax and the best planting area of different flax varieties in Zhangye, the content differences of the conventional quality indexes, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids of 5 flax varieties in 4 different altitudes in Zhangye City were analyzed by using near infrared quality analyzer. The results showed that, the interaction effect between varieties and altitudes with the contents of protein, crude fat, dietary fiber, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, myristic acid, tetracarboxylic acid, oleic acid and α-linolenic acid was extremely significant (P<0.01). The content of behenic acid, palmitoleic acid, cis-11-eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid and cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid changed little with altitude and had good stability. On the basis of breeding goal of high oil content, taking into account other quality breeding goals such as high three unsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid), low two saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and high protein, the most suitable flax varieties to be planted in Ganzhou District of Zhangye City, Landao Town of Gaotai County and Sanbao Town of Minle County, and Liuba Town of Minle County were 5-9812-2-1, 09-3-11, Zhangya 2, respectively. Different altitudes had an important influence on the quality indexes of flax. As a production base of high-quality flax seeds, Zhangye City can make use of the different suitable planting areas of different flax varieties to vigorously develop quality breeding and comprehensive development of flax seeds.