调控软骨形成的信号通路及相关因子在骨髓间充质干细胞骨向分化中的作用*

骨髓间充质干细胞是一类具有自我复制和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,可以通过定向诱导分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞等,是目前骨再生医学和细胞治疗研究最多的理想种子细胞。在骨缺损的修复过程中,骨髓间充质干细胞内成软骨相关基因表达升高进而分化为软骨细胞,后期随着成骨细胞和破骨细胞的形成及血管长入,软骨基质逐步降解并被骨基质所替换。软骨细胞参与了骨缺损前期的修复过程,调控软骨形成的信号通路及相关因子不仅调控骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨细胞分化,同时在成骨细胞分化过程中也发挥着重要的作用。对调控软骨形成的信号通路及相关因子在骨髓间充质干细胞骨向分化中的调控作用和研究现状进行了总结,以期为临床寻找更好的治疗骨缺损的方法提供理论依据和研究方向。

Role of Signal Pathways and Related Factors Regulating Cartilage Formation in Bone Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a type of adult stem cells with self-replication and multi-differentiation potential. It can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, etc. through specific induction, so it has become the ideal seed cell for the most studies on bone regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Current studies have confirmed that in the process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repairing bone defects, the expression increases of chondrogenesis-related genes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and then differentiate into chondrocytes. Later, with the formation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the growth of blood vessels, the cartilage matrix is gradually degraded and replaced by bone matrix. It shows that chondrocytes are involved in the pre-repair process of bone defects, and the signal pathways and related factors that regulate cartilage formation not only regulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, at the same time, they also play an important role in the process of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, this article summarizes the regulatory effects and current research status of the signal pathways and related factors that regulate cartilage formation in the bone differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, in order to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for the clinical search for better treatment of bone defects.