小麦DON毒素研究进展

近年来，由于全球气候急剧变化以及栽培、耕作制度的转变，导致禾谷镰刀菌引起的赤霉病频繁发生，不仅使小麦大面积减产，严重影响其品质，也造成经济上的重大损失。受赤霉菌侵染的小麦会在籽粒中产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol, DON）毒素，该毒素广泛污染小麦及其制品、粮油食品和饲料等，是世界上污染面积最大、污染量最高，对小麦危害最严重的真菌毒素之一。DON可以产生广泛的毒性效应，具有很强的细胞毒性，有明显胚胎毒性和一定致畸作用，严重威胁食品安全、人和动物健康。因此，对DON毒素调控机理及防控的研究已成为当前高度关注的热点问题之一。通过综述DON的理化性质、毒性机理、污染特征、分布规律、检测方法以及小麦抗DON毒素积累机制等方面的进展，以期为小麦抗DON毒素育种提供参考依据。

Research Progress on DON Toxin in Wheat

In recent years， due to the rapid change of global climate and the transformation of cultivation and tillage system， Scab caused by Fusarium graminearum occurred in a large area， which not only reduces the output of wheat， and seriously affects its quality， but also causes significant economic losses. Wheat infected by gibberella can produce deoxynivalenol （DON） toxin in the grain， which extensively pollute wheat and its products， grains， oils， food and feed， etc. And it is one of the most serious mycotoxins in the world with the largest pollution area and the highest pollution amount. DON can produce a wide range of toxic effects， with strong cytotoxicity， obvious embryo toxicity and certain teratogenicity. Also it seriously threaten food safety， human and animal health. Therefore， the research on the regulation mechanism and prevention and control of DON toxin has become one of the hot issues. In this paper， in order to provide reference on the DON resistance breeding， the advances in the physicochemical properties， toxicity mechanism， distribution of DON and the accumulation mechanism of DON toxin in wheat were reviewed.