CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的应用进展

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界上主要的农作物之一，在粮食安全供应中发挥重要作用。在过去的几十年，由于小麦基因组复杂和遗传转化困难，导致小麦的基础和应用研究落后于其他谷类作物。2014年小麦基因组编辑取得了显著进展，进而促进了小麦生物技术的发展。综述了CRISPR/Cas9技术在小麦育种中的研究进展，简单介绍了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的发现、原理和优缺点，指出小麦基因编辑过程中农杆菌介导的遗传转化较粒子轰击法可降低转基因沉默频率，未来将成为基因编辑过程中主流的遗传转化方式；优化sgRNA的启动子、选择同源保守序列做为靶点可以提高基因编辑效率；新开发的碱基编辑器和prime editor需引入更多突变类型。展望了进一步提高小麦基因编辑效率和安全性的可行性，以期为未来小麦育种工作提供参考。

Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Application in Wheat Breeding

Triticum aestivum L. is one of the main crops in the world and plays an important role in food security supply. In the past few decades， due to the complexity of wheat genome and the difficulty of genetic transformation， the basic and applied research of wheat has lagged behind other cereal crops. In 2014， remarkable progress was made in wheat genome editing， which promoted the development of wheat biotechnology. This paper summarized the research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in wheat breeding， briefly introduced the discovery， principle， advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology， and pointed out that the Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in the process of wheat gene editing would reduce the gene silencing frequency compared with particle bombardment， and would become the mainstream genetic transformation in the process of gene editing in the future； optimizing the promoter of sgRNA and selecting the conserved sequence of homologous gene as the target can improve the efficiency of gene editing； the newly developed base editor and prime editor need to introduce more mutation types， and the feasibility of further improving the efficiency and safety of wheat gene editing was prospected to provide reference for future wheat breeding work.