Advances in Cotton Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress and Applications to Remediate Heavy Metal-Contaminated Farmland Soil

Heavy metal-contaminated soil is one of the major environmentalpollution problems of agricultural production and human health in the world.Remediation of heavy metals in soil is one of the most popular research subjects.Different remediation strategies have been reported to remove heavy metals fromcontaminated soil, among which phytoremediation is the most important one.Compared with other major crops, cotton shows the strongest and most widespread resistance to abiotic stresses, such as heavy metals. Although heavy metalstress adversely affects the growth and development of cotton, cotton possesses aset of sophisticated stress-resistance strategies. As the main product of cotton isnonedible fibers, which have a large biomass and strong heavy metal absorptionand enrichment capacities, cotton is an ideal crop to restore heavy metal-contaminatedsoils and has unique advantages in terms of both ecological and economic benefits,with great application prospects. In this review, based on domestic and foreignresearch results in recent years, the effects of heavy metals on cotton growth andproduct quality were analyzed, the heavy metal absorption, accumulation, translocation and enrichment characteristics of cotton plants were summarized, and theadaptation and tolerance mechanisms of cotton to heavy metals were explored.Furthermore, the view that cotton is an effective crop to remediate heavy metalpollution in farmland soil has been proposed, and popularization and applicationsuggestions for planting cotton to repair heavy metal pollution have been putforward to provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the economicfeasibility of cotton to repair heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.