Exercise of mechanisms for dynamic stability control increases stability performance in the elderly |
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| Authors: | Adamantios Arampatzis Andreas Peper Stefanie Bierbaum |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-University, Berlin;2. Centre of Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Berlin;1. School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain;2. Division of Internal Medicine, Juan Ramon Jimenez Hospital, Huelva, Spain;3. Human Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain;4. Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain;5. School of Speciality in Sports Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer,” ”Sapienza,“ University of Rome, Rome, Italy;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States;2. The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States;3. Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States;1. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States;2. PhD Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States;1. Research & Development Section, Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, United States;2. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, United States;3. DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, United States;4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor St., Room 426 (M/C 898) Chicago, IL 60612, USA;1. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;2. Movement Science, The Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Old adults show a decreased recovery performance compared to young ones after unexpected perturbations increasing the risk of falls. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a specific training of mechanisms responsible for dynamic stability on the recovery performance of old adults after simulated forward falls and the contribution of muscle strength exercise. 38 old adults (two experimental groups each n=13 and a control group, n=12) participated in the study. Group 1 exercised the mechanisms responsible for dynamic stability like increase in base of support and counter-rotating segments around the centre of mass by practicing specific tasks including these mechanisms. Group 2 exercised these mechanisms of dynamic stability and muscle strength. The exercise volume was equal in both interventions (14 weeks, two times per week and ～1.5 h per session). Stability performance has been examined by simulated forward falls before and after the intervention. The two experimental groups improved in a similar extent (～35%) their ability to regain balance during forward falls after the intervention. The reason was a faster increase in base of support. Further, the performance enhancement was related to an increase in the rate of hip moment generation. Exercising the mechanisms responsible for dynamic stability control in old adults affects their ability to regain balance after forward falls. A faster utilization of these mechanisms due to improved neuromuscular coordination resulted in the significant performance enhancement. |
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