Control of trunk motion following sudden stop perturbations during cart pushing |
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| Authors: | Yun-Ju Lee Marco JM Hoozemans Jaap H van Dieën |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada;2. Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada;1. Cardiovascular Center, Health Authority No. 1, and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy;2. Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy;3. UOC Cardiologia, G. da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy;4. Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy;5. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milano, Milan, Italy;6. Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy;1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;2. Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;3. Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;5. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;6. The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;1. Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;2. School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds, United Kingdom;3. Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom;1. Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;4. Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain;1. MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Anesthesiology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | External perturbations during pushing tasks have been suggested to be a risk factor for low-back symptoms. An experiment was designed to investigate whether self-induced and externally induced sudden stops while pushing a high inertia cart influence trunk motions, and how flexor and extensor muscles counteract these perturbations. Twelve healthy male participants pushed a 200 kg cart at shoulder height and hip height. Pushing while walking was compared to situations in which participants had to stop the cart suddenly (self-induced stop) or in which the wheels of the cart were unexpectedly blocked (externally induced stop). For the perturbed conditions, the peak values and the maximum changes from the reference condition (pushing while walking) of the external moment at L5/S1, trunk inclination and electromyographic amplitudes of trunk muscles were determined. In the self-induced stop, a voluntary trunk extension occurred. Initial responses in both stops consisted of flexor and extensor muscle cocontraction. In self-induced stops this was followed by sustained extensor activity. In the externally induced stops, an external extension moment caused a decrease in trunk inclination. The opposite directions of the internal moment and trunk motion in the externally induced stop while pushing at shoulder height may indicate insufficient active control of trunk posture. Consequently, sudden blocking of the wheels in pushing at shoulder height may put the low back at risk of mechanical injury. |
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