MIS 21 and the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition: Climate and sea-level variation from a sediment core in Osaka Bay,Japan |
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| Authors: | Ikuko Kitaba Mao Harada Masayuki Hyodo Shigehiro Katoh Hiroshi Sato Mariko Matsushita |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;2. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;3. Collaborative Research Center 806 – Our Way to Europe, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;4. Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;5. Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany;6. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;7. Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria;8. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;9. Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;10. NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK;11. Institute of Biology, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia;12. Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK;13. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy;14. ACS Core Services, Edinburgh, UK;15. Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;p. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;q. Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Hannover, Germany |
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| Abstract: | We report climate and sea-level variation for the marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 21, encompassing the end of the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT), based on pollen, diatom, and sulfur records from a 50-m thick sequence in a core from Osaka Bay. An extremely warm climate coincided with the sea level highstand of substage 21.5, when the warm-temperate element Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) exceeds 40% of total arboreal pollen. This was followed by a warm-temperate to temperate and humid climate that continued until the end of MIS 21. A linear age model shows that climate was dominated by precessional cyclicity, with an inverse correlation between temperature and precipitation. The postglacial sea-level rise reached its highest peak in substage 21.5, when paleo-Osaka Bay reached its maximum extent including Kyoto and Nara Basins. At this time pelagic diatoms were dominant in the central part of the bay. Sea level dropped below the Osaka Bay sill (about ? 60 m at present) during substage 21.4, followed by a rise above the sill in substage 21.3, and a drop at 21.2. Sea level remained below the sill during substage 21.1. The thermal maximum and sea level peak occurred just after the rapid postglacial sea level rise, after which there was a gradual decline in temperature and sea level accompanied by precession-related oscillations; these features are typical of the post-MPT interglacials dominated by 100-ka cyclicity. These features may be a sign of termination of the MPT. |
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