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Passive muscle mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius in young adults with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors:Lee Barber  Rod Barrett  Glen Lichtwark
Institution:1. Musculoskeletal Research Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia;2. School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;1. University Hospital Pellenberg, Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium;2. KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium;3. KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium;4. University Hospital Pellenberg, Department of Orthopedics, Leuven, Belgium;5. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;6. KU Leuven Department of Mechanical Engineering, Leuven, Belgium;1. KU Leuven, Department of Kinesiology, Human Movement Biomechanics, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;2. Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;3. KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division PMA, Celestijnenlaan 300B, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;1. Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;2. Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium;3. KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, Herestraat 49 box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;4. Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital, Pellenberg, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium;5. KU Leuven Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300b box 2420, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;2. Research Unit on Brain Injury Neurorehabilitation, Rigshospitalet, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark;3. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and Elsass Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;4. Movotec A/S, Holmegaardsvej 28, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;5. The Danish MS Hospitals, Ringstedvej 106, DK-4650 Haslev, Denmark
Abstract:Individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) exhibit restricted joint range of motion and increased joint stiffness due to structural alterations of their muscles. Little is known about which muscle–tendon structures are responsible for these alterations. The aim of this study was to compare the passive mechanics of the ankle joint and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in young adults with SCP and typically developed (TD) individuals. Nine ambulant SCP (17±2 years) and ten TD individuals (18±2 years) participated in the study. Physiological cross sectional area was estimated using freehand 3D ultrasound and found to be 37% lower in the SCP group. An isokinetic dynamometer rotated the ankle through its range while joint torque and ultrasound images of the MG muscle fascicles were simultaneously measured. Mean ankle stiffness was found to be 51% higher and mean MG fascicle strain 47% lower in the SCP group. Increased resistance to passive ankle dorsiflexion in SCP appears to be related to the inability of MG muscle fascicles to elongate with increased force.
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