DNAzyme self-assembled gold nanoparticles for determination of metal ions using fluorescence anisotropy assay

Gold nanoparticles can be exploited to facilitate a highly sensitive and selective metal ion detection based on fluorescence anisotropy assay with metal ion-dependent DNA-cleaving DNAzyme. This assay allows rapid and accurate determination of metal ions in aqueous medium at room temperature. The method has been demonstrated for determination of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. The detection sensitivity can be significantly improved to 1 nM by using a “nanoparticle enhancement” approach. Moreover, the assay was also tested in 384-well plates for high-throughput routine determination of toxic metal ions in environmental samples. The method showed distinct advantages over conventional methods in terms of its potential sensitivity, specificity, and ability for rapid response.