Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from electric eel by (-)-and (+)-physostigmine and related compounds

Unnatural (+)-physostigmine (2) inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from electric eel considerably less than natural (-)-physostigmine (1), but 2 may because of its possible lower toxicity still be an interesting anticholinesterase agent. (-)-Eseroline (3), a major metabolite of (-)-physostigmine (1) and a potent narcotic analgetic, and its unnatural (+)-antipode (4), were both poor inhibitors of the enzyme. (-)-Dihydrosecophysostigmine (5), a ring-open analog of (-)-physostigmine was less, but (-)-N-methylphysostigmine (6) much more potent than the natural alkaloid. The availability of compounds related to (-)- and (+)-physostigmine by improved chemical synthesis suggests that further structural variation may well lead to other biologically interesting AChE inhibitors.