寨卡病毒及其疫苗研究

寨卡病毒与黄热病毒、登革热病毒、日本脑炎病毒、西尼罗病毒等都属于蚊媒传播的黄病毒属病毒。寨卡病毒分离于1947年,但由于分布区域有限,所致寨卡热症状较轻,很长一段时间并没有引起太多的关注。最近一些年,特别是2015年后,巴西的寨卡疫情暴发及其与新生儿小头畸形的关联,引起了全球越来越多的关注。疫苗是应对寨卡疫情的重要手段,目前全球有30余个机构在进行寨卡病毒疫苗的研发。本文综述了寨卡病毒的生物学、流行病学、临床特征以及当前不同类型寨卡病毒疫苗研发现状,同时对其他几种黄病毒属病毒批准和临床阶段疫苗情况进行了概述,以为相关研究人员提供参考。

Progress in Zika virus and its vaccines

Like Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, Zika virus is also a mosquito-borne flavivirus. Since it was isolated in 1947, there has been little concern over Zika virus due to its limited distribution and mild symptoms. In recent years, especially since 2015, Zika virus has become a global concern because of its outbreak in Brazil and associated microcephaly. Vaccines against Zika virus, regarded as the effective measures to control Zika fever epidemic, are being developed in nearly thirty institutions worldwide. In this paper, biology, epidemiology and clinical features of Zika virus were reviewed along with current research and development of different types of Zika vaccines. In addition, several other flavivirus vaccines approved or in clinical trials were briefly introduced, to provide valuable reference for Zika vaccines researchers.