Expression proteomics of acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells treated with methotrexate |
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Authors: | Nitin Kumar Agarwal Gerhard Anton Mueller Claudia Mueller Jan-Henrick Streich Abdul Rahman Asif Hassan Dihazi |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Center of Internal Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany;2. Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Waldhoernle Strasse 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany;3. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Methotrexate was first introduced as a cytotoxic agent that inhibits nucleotide biosynthesis in various cancer disorders; its molecular mechanism remains elusive. To understand the molecular mechanism by which methotrexate induces apoptosis, we analyzed the resulting intracellular protein changes in methotrexate-treated acute promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells by cysteine-labeled differential in-gel electrophoresis (CL-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry. Initial CL-DIGE analysis revealed that 24 proteins were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) in the HL-60 cell proteome after treatment with 2.5 µM methotrexate for 72 h. We found that three structural α4, α5, α7 proteasome subunits, a non-catalytic β3 and two 26S regulatory proteasome subunits were down-regulated in methotrexate-treated HL-60 cells. Western blot analyses further showed that the inhibition of proteasome subunits is accompanied by suppression of NF-κB subunits and promotes the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. Furthermore, methotrexate activated unfolded protein response by inducing the expression of endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins such as calreticulin, protein disulphide isomerase A3 and A4, and 78 kDa glucose regulated protein in a time-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that targeting NF-κB, structural and regulatory proteasome subunits with methotrexate may provide new insight into understanding methotrexate-induced apoptotic activities in HL-60 cells. |
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Keywords: | Methotrexate NF-κB Proteasome subunits Cysteine-labeled differential in-gel electrophoresis Acute promyelocytic leukaemia |
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