急诊手术的职业暴露及防护对策

目的：通过对医务人员在急诊手术中职业暴露的情况调查，了解急诊手术中标准预防现状，提出合理化建议和措施。方法：对2007年6月．2010年5月手术患者乙肝、丙肝、梅毒、艾滋病的阳性率进行比较，现场调查急诊手术中防护用品的使用情况。结果：手术患者乙肝、丙肝、梅毒、艾滋病的阳性率逐年上升，职业暴露的危险性越来越大；急诊手术中医务人员防护用品使用率的高低取决于血液、体液、分泌物的污染程度。结论：对医务人员要加强职业安全教育，强化标准预防，提高医务人员的整体防护水平，避免或减少职业暴露的危害，在救死扶伤的同时，保护好自身安全。

Occupation Exposition and Protection Countermeasure in Emergency Medical Treatment Surgery

Objective： To understand present situation of the standard prevention in the emergency medical treatment surgery, and propose rational proposals and measures through the investigation of the occupation exposition situation of medical personnel in the emergency medical treatment surgery. Methods： Positive ratio of hepatitis B, the third liver, syphilis and AIDS from June, 2007 to May, 2010 is compared, and the utilization condition of the protection objects in emergency surgery is investigated lively. Results： Surgery patient hepatitis B, third liver, syphilis, AIDS masculine gender rate rises year by year, and the occupation exposition risk is bigger and bigger. In the emergency medical treatment surgery, the utilization ratio of protective things used by medical staff is decided by the blood, the body fluid, the secretion pollution degree. Conclusions： The occupational safety education must be strengthened to medical personnel, standard prevention be enhanced, medical personnel＇s whole protection level be risen, occupation exposition be avoided and reduced, medical staffs own security be protected while saves from impending death.