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SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF GRIFFITHSIA (CERAMIALES, RHODOPHYTA): NUCLEAR PLOIDY LEVEL OF MIXED-PHASE PLANTS IN G. JAPONICA1
Authors:Yoo Kyung Lee  Han-Gu Choi  Choo Bong Hong  In Kyu Lee
Affiliation:Department of Biology and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea;Department of Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea;Department of Biology and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea;Department of Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea
Abstract:Mixed-phase plants of Griffithsia japonica Okamura spontaneously occurred in a laboratory culture. Four female plants produced tetrasporangia and spermatangia in addition to their normal female reproductive structures (bisexual/mixed-phase plants), and four male plants produced tetrasporangia as well as spermatangia (male/mixed-phase plants). To determine the nuclear ploidy level of these mixed-phase plants, relative nuclear sizes of male, female, tetrasporangial, and mixed-phase plants were measured using a microscopic image analysis system. Haploid gametophytes could be distinguished from diploid tetrasporophytes by relative nuclear sizes, with the later having nuclei twice the size of the former. Relative nuclear sizes of the mixed-phase plants were similar to those of the haploid plants. Thus, the mixed-phase plants were determined to be haploid. Haploid mixed-phase plants of G. japonica have a potential to produce male, female and tetrasporangial reproductive structures. Sex determination models are discussed to explain "haploid" mixed-phase phenomena in red algae .
Keywords:Griffithsia japonica    microscopic image analysis system    mixed-phase plants    nuclear ploidy level    reproductive structures    Rhodophyta    sex determination
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