Assisted reproductive technologies in rhesus macaques |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Don?P?WolfEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center Beaverton, Oregon and Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland Oregon, USA |
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Abstract: | The assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been used in the production of rhesus monkey offspring at the Oregon National
Primate Research Center (ONPRC) and that experience is summarized here. Additionally these technologies serve as a source
of oocytes/embryos for monozygotic twinning, embryonic stem (ES) cell derivation and cloning. High fertilization efficiencies
were realized with conventional insemination or following the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and approximately
50% of the resulting embryos grew in vitro to blastocysts. Both fresh and frozen sperm were employed in fertilization by ICSI and the resulting embryos could be low
temperature stored for subsequent thawing and transfer when a synchronized recipient female was available or after shipment
to another facility. Following the transfer of up to 3 embryos, an overall pregnancy rate of 30% was achieved with increasing
rates dependent upon the number of embryos transferred. Singleton pregnancy outcomes following the transfer of ART produced
embryos were similar to those observed in a control group of animals in the timed mated breeding colony at ONPRC. ICSI produced
embryos were used in efforts to create monozygotic twins by blastomere separation or blastocyst splitting. While pregnancies
were achieved following the transfer of demi-embryos, only one was a twin and it was lost to spontaneous abortion. ICSI produced
embryos have also served as the source of blastocysts for the derivation of embryonic stem cells. These pluripotent cells
hold potential for cell based therapies and we consider the monkey an important translational model in which to evaluate safety,
efficacy and feasibility of regenerative medicine approaches based on the transplantation of stem cell-derived progeny. Finally,
efforts to produce genetically-identical monkeys by nuclear transfer have been briefly summarized. |
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