A major invasion of transposable elements accounts for the large size of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blumeria graminis</Emphasis> f.sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">tritici</Emphasis> genome |
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Authors: | Francis Parlange Simone Oberhaensli James Breen Matthias Platzer Stefan Taudien Hana ?imková Thomas Wicker Jaroslav Dole?el Beat Keller |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Plant Biology,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland;2.Leibniz Institute for Age Research,Fritz Lipman Institute,Jena,Germany;3.Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research,Institute of Experimental Botany,Olomouc,Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Powdery mildew of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is caused by the ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Genomic approaches open new ways to study the biology of this obligate biotrophic pathogen. We started the analysis of the
Bg tritici genome with the low-pass sequencing of its genome using the 454 technology and the construction of the first genomic bacterial
artificial chromosome (BAC) library for this fungus. High-coverage contigs were assembled with the 454 reads. They allowed
the characterization of 56 transposable elements and the establishment of the Blumeria repeat database. The BAC library contains 12,288 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb, which represents a maximum
of 7.5-fold genome coverage. Sequencing of the BAC ends generated 12.6 Mb of random sequence representative of the genome.
Analysis of BAC-end sequences revealed a massive invasion of transposable elements accounting for at least 85% of the genome.
This explains the unusually large size of this genome which we estimate to be at least 174 Mb, based on a large-scale physical
map constructed through the fingerprinting of the BAC library. Our study represents a crucial step in the perspective of the
determination and study of the whole Bg tritici genome sequence. |
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