植物与内生真菌互作的生理与分子机制研究进展

在自然生态系统中,植物组织可作为许多微生物定居的生态位.内生真菌普遍存在于植物组织内,与宿主建立复杂的相互作用(互惠、拮抗和中性之间的相互转化),并且存在不同的传播方式(垂直和水平传播).内生真菌通过多样化途径来增强植物体的营养生理和抗性机能.但这种生理功能的实现有赖于双方精细的调控机制,表明宿主和真菌双方都进化形成特有的分子调控机制来维持这种互惠共生关系.环境因子(如气候、土壤性质等)、宿主种类和生理状态、真菌基因型的变化都将改变互作结果.此外,菌根真菌和真菌病毒等也可能普遍参与植物-内生真菌共生体,形成三重互作体系,最终影响宿主的表型.研究试图从形态、生理和分子水平阐述内生真菌与植物互作的基础.

Recent advances on physiological and molecular basis of fungal endophyte-plant interactions

In natural ecosystems, plants constitute suitable habitats and niches for the colonization of a diversity of microorganisms. Endophytic fungi, living in the inner of healthy plant tissues ubiquitously, exhibit complex interactions with their hosts (a continuum of mutualism, antagonism and neutralism) and different transmission modes (horizontal or vertical). Plant nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance may be strengthened by the fungal symbiont. However, a successful plant-fungal endophyte interaction requires the fine tuning of antagonistic interactions, which implies the evolution of unique self-regulating mechanisms on both sides to maintain a mutualistic interaction. Host species, fungal genotype and environmental factors such as climate and soil properties as well as the nutritional status of the plant will ultimately determine the outcome of the interaction. Additionally, ternary interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and mycoviruses may also be important components participating in the plant-endophyte association and, thus, influence the host phenotype. In this review, we attempt to outline the interactive mechanisms of plant-fungal endophyte associations on a morphological, physiological and molecular level.