Ecology of the River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) in the Upper Brahmaputra

There are nearly 200 species of aquatic vertebrates, almost exclusively fishes, in the Brahmaputra River System. This faunal composition includes not only a wide variety of food-fishes, but also about 50 varieties of aquarium fishes. The most spectacular animal in the Brahmaputra is undoubtedly the river dolphin, Platanista gangetica. The population of many species, particularly of the dolphin, is in steady decline. River dolphins, mostly juveniles, often entangle themselves in gill and drift nets, while feeding on trapped fishes. Proper implementation of Indian Fisheries Act, especially a total ban on destructive nets and on killing of brooders and juveniles by explosives and poisoning should be strictly implemented. Poor communication facilities in remote riverbank areas and lack of funds are two important reasons for the slow progress of the conservation of river dolphin and this endangered species is now on the verge of extinction. The anthropogenic activities and their impact on the habitat of river dolphin are discussed.