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Histone Acetylation Accompanied with Promoter Sequences Displaying Differential Expression Profiles of B-Class MADS-Box Genes for Phalaenopsis Floral Morphogenesis
Authors:Chia-Chi Hsu  Pei-Shan Wu  Tien-Chih Chen  Chun-Wei Yu  Wen-Chieh Tsai  Keqiang Wu  Wen-Luan Wu  Wen-Huei Chen  Hong-Hwa Chen
Institution:1. Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.; 2. Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.; 3. Institute of Tropic Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.; 4. Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.; The National Orchid Conservation Center of China; The Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, China,
Abstract:Five B-class MADS-box genes, including four APETALA3 (AP3)-like PeMADS25 and one PISTILLATA (PI)-like PeMADS6, specify the spectacular flower morphology in orchids. The PI-like PeMADS6 ubiquitously expresses in all floral organs. The four AP3-like genes, resulted from two duplication events, express ubiquitously at floral primordia and early floral organ stages, but show distinct expression profiles at late floral organ primordia and floral bud stages. Here, we isolated the upstream sequences of PeMADS2∼6 and studied the regulatory mechanism for their distinct gene expression. Phylogenetic footprinting analysis of the 1.3-kb upstream sequences of AP3-like PeMADS25 showed that their promoter regions have sufficiently diverged and contributed to their subfunctionalization. The amplified promoter sequences of PeMADS26 could drive beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression in all floral organs, similar to their expression at the floral primordia stage. The promoter sequence of PeMADS4, exclusively expressed in lip and column, showed a 1.6∼3-fold higher expression in lip/column than in sepal/petal. Furthermore, we noted a 4.9-fold increase in histone acetylation (H3K9K14ac) in the translation start region of PeMADS4 in lip as compared in petal. All these results suggest that the regulation via the upstream sequences and increased H3K9K14ac level may act synergistically to display distinct expression profiles of the AP3-like genes at late floral organ primordia stage for Phalaenopsis floral morphogenesis.
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