A Conformational Sampling Model for Radical Catalysis in Pyridoxal Phosphate- and Cobalamin-dependent Enzymes |
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Authors: | Binuraj R. K. Menon Karl Fisher Stephen E. J. Rigby Nigel S. Scrutton David Leys |
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Affiliation: | From the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Cobalamin-dependent enzymes enhance the rate of C–Co bond cleavage by up to ∼1012-fold to generate cob(II)alamin and a transient adenosyl radical. In the case of the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and cobalamin-dependent enzymes lysine 5,6-aminomutase and ornithine 4,5 aminomutase (OAM), it has been proposed that a large scale domain reorientation of the cobalamin-binding domain is linked to radical catalysis. Here, OAM variants were designed to perturb the interface between the cobalamin-binding domain and the PLP-binding TIM barrel domain. Steady-state and single turnover kinetic studies of these variants, combined with pulsed electron-electron double resonance measurements of spin-labeled OAM were used to provide direct evidence for a dynamic interface between the cobalamin and PLP-binding domains. Our data suggest that following ligand binding-induced cleavage of the Lys629-PLP covalent bond, dynamic motion of the cobalamin-binding domain leads to conformational sampling of the available space. This supports radical catalysis through transient formation of a catalytically competent active state. Crucially, it appears that the formation of the state containing both a substrate/product radical and Co(II) does not restrict cobalamin domain motion. A similar conformational sampling mechanism has been proposed to support rapid electron transfer in a number of dynamic redox systems. |
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Keywords: | Adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Protein Dynamic Pyridoxal Phosphate Radical Conformational Sampling Domain Dynamics Ornithine Aminomutase |
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