DNA分子标记技术及其在水产动物遗传上的应用研究

随着DNA分子标记技术的发展,其在动物遗传上发挥了重大作用,使用DNA分子标记可以观察到整个基因组的遗传多样性。目前,在水产养殖种类中使用的遗传标记主要包括线粒体DNA、RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、微卫星、SNP和EST标记。DNA分子标记的应用使得人们对水产养殖动物的遗传多样性、近亲繁殖、种类和品系鉴定以及遗传连锁图谱建立的研究都取得了很大进展,也加快了数量性状位点(QTL)基因的鉴定作为分子标记辅助选择(MAS)的研究。将这些标记技术在水产动物上的应用进行了论述,以及如何从人类基因组工程和斑马鱼这种模式鱼的研究中得到启发,更好的应用于水产动物基因组学和遗传学研究做一讨论。

DNA Marker Technologies and Their Applications in Aquaculture Genetics

The development of DNA-based genetic markers has had a revolutionary impact on animal genetics.With DNA markers,it is theoretically possible to observe and exploit genetic variation in the entire genome.Popular genetic markers in the aquaculture community include mitochondrial DNA,RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,microsatellite,SNP,and EST markers.The application of DNA markers has allowed rapid progress in aquaculture investigations of genetic variability and inbreeding,parentage assignments,species and strain identification,and the construction of high-resolution genetic linkage maps for aquaculture species.Well-designed studies using these genetic markers will undoubtedly accelerate identification of genes involved in quantitative trait loci(QTL)for marker-assisted selection(MAS).In this review,their applications in a variety of aquaculture studies are discussed.Included are discussions on how to efficiently exploit research progress made from the Human Genome Project and from other model species such as zebrafish for the benefit of aquaculture genomics and aquaculture genetics research.