Contractions of amphibian Wolffian duct in response to acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and arginine vasotocin

The regulation of sperm transport through the Wolffian duct of male amphibians is poorly understood. These experiments were conducted using rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) to determine if Wolffian ducts are capable of contracting in vitro and, if so, to characterize the contractile responses to acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE), and neurohypophysial hormones. Dose-response curves for NE and ACh, which were prepared by measuring isometric contractions, are similar to those reported for mammalian vas deferens. For NE, the minimum effective dose and ED50 were found to be 1 X 10(-5)M and 4.17 X 10(-5)M, respectively. For ACh, the minimum effective dose was 3.2 X 10(-8)M and the ED50 was 1.37 X 10(-5)M. Alpha-adrenoreceptors appear to mediate the contractile responses to NE because phentolamine (10(-5)M) blocked or attenuated the response to NE (10(-6)M, 10(-5)M or 10(-4) M). Beta-adrenoreceptors appear to mediate relaxation because dichloroisoproterenol (10(-5)M) enhanced the response to 10(-5)M NE. The contractile response to three neurohypophysial hormones were also investigated. Arginine vasotocin was more effective in eliciting contractions than oxytocin. The effect of lysine vasopressin was intermediate between arginine vasotocin and oxytocin. These experiments demonstrate that amphibian (Taricha) Wolffian ducts contract in vitro in response to neurotransmitters and neurohypophysial hormones. The contractile response to neurotransmitters occurs in a dose-dependent manner; the response to neurohypophysial hormones is hormone specific.