Beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase I cleavage by BACE1 enhances the sialylation of soluble glycoproteins. A novel regulatory mechanism for alpha2,6-sialylation

BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme-1) is a membrane-bound aspartic protease that cleaves amyloid precursor protein to produce a neurotoxic peptide, amyloid beta-peptide, and has been implicated in triggering the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We showed previously that BACE1 cleaves beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase I (ST6Gal I) to initiate its secretion, but it remained unclear how BACE1 affects the cellular level of alpha2,6-sialylation. Here, we found that BACE1 overexpression in Hep3B cells increased the sialylation of soluble secreted glycoproteins, but did not affect cell-surface sialylation. The sialylation of soluble glycoproteins was not increased by ST6Gal I overexpression alone, but was increased by co-overexpression of ST6Gal I and BACE1 or by expression of the soluble form of ST6Gal I, suggesting that soluble ST6Gal I produced by BACE1 plays, at least in part, a role in the sialylation of soluble glycoproteins. We also found that plasma glycoproteins from BACE1-deficient mice exhibited reduced levels of alpha2,6-sialylation compared with those from wild-type mice. We propose a novel regulatory mechanism in which cleavage and secretion of ST6Gal I enhance the sialylation of soluble glycoprotein substrates.