红火蚁入侵对广东多种生境中蚂蚁类群的影响

采用陷阱法和诱饵诱集法研究了深圳红火蚁发生区和未发生区蚂蚁的类群多样性和相似性.结果表明:草坪和荒草地红火蚁发生区域的蚂蚁物种数明显减少,且草坪中蚂蚁种类减少的程度(6种)大于荒草地 (3种).红火蚁入侵后荔枝园、荒草地和草坪的蚂蚁优势种发生了明显改变,红火蚁替代了原来的优势蚂蚁种类,在数量上占据了主导地位,在荒草地和草坪这种优势种的改变更为明显.对蚂蚁类群指数的分析表明:红火蚁入侵荒草地和草坪后蚂蚁类群的多样性、均匀度降低,优势度明显增大;而荔枝园中蚂蚁类群多样性指数、均匀度指数均增大,优势度指数降低.荔枝园、荒草地和草坪的红火蚁发生区和未发生区蚂蚁类群相似性系数不同,分别为0.6316、0.5882和0.2941.

Influences of Solenopsis invicta Buren invasion on the native ant communities in different habitats in Guangdong

By using pitfall and bait traps, an investigation was made on the diversity and similarity of ant communities in the areas infested and un-infested with Solenopsis invicta Buren in Shenzhen of Guangdong. The results showed that under the invasion of S. invicta, the ant species number in lawn and wasteland reduced obviously, with a decrease of 6 in lawn and 3 in wasteland, and the native dominant ant species in lichee orchard, especially in wasteland and lawn, were replaced by S. invicta. With the infestation of S. invicta, the diversity and evenness of ant communities in wasteland and lawn decreased but the predominance increased obviously, while it was in adverse in lichee orchard. The similarity coefficients of the ant communities between S. invicta infested and un-infested lichee orchard, wasteland and lawn were 0. 6316, 0. 5882 and 0. 2941, respectively.