昆虫神经毒素的研究:各种神经毒剂引起毒素的产生

用五类(七种)神经毒性的杀虫药剂,对美洲(虫非)蠊测定了它们能否引起血淋巴中毒素的产生。DDT、溴氰菊酯及六六六均能引起血淋巴中毒素的产生,而E605、西维因、巴丹及杀虫脒均无此效果。纸层析及薄层层析,用标准样品(酪氨酸、酪胺、苯乙胺、L-亮氨酸及异戊胺)作比较,测定了这一产生的血淋巴中的毒素乃是酪胺,或主要是酪胺。增效试验,证明了杀虫脒与DDT或溴氰菊酯合用时,能增加酪胺的产量。讨论了这一毒素产生的条件,以及这一毒素有可能不是单一成分,而是几种单胺及氨基酸的复合物,但酪胺为其主要成分。

STUDIES ON INSECT NEUROTOXIN: THE RELEASE OF INSECT NEUROTOXIN BY TREATMENT WITH DIFFERENT NEUROTOXIC INSECTICIDES

Seven neurotoxic insecticides beloging to five classes of neurotoxic action were tested on their effect in releasing tyramine, the neuroactive substance, in the haemolymph of DDT prostrate cockroaches, Periplaneta americana. DDT, decamethrin and BHC were shown to be able in inducing the release of the neuroactive substance in the haemolymph, but parathron, carbaryl, cartap and chlordimeform failed to produce the neurotoxin. Paper co-chromatogra-phy and thin layer chromatography with standard samples of tyrosine, tyramine, phenyl ethy-lamine, L-leucine and isoamylamine with three systems reconfirmed that the neuroactive substance is tyramine, or if it is a composite, the major component is tyramine. Chlordimeform shows synergistic effect on DDT and decamethrin probably due to the inhibition of monoa-mine oxidase and prevents the degradation of tyramine. The conditions causing the release of the neurotoxin is probably extreme excitation of the nervous system, so excited states produced by electrical stimulation also induce the release of the neurotoxin. DDT, decamethrin and BHC all cause extreme excitation, while the other four neurotoxic insecticides causes no or little excitation.