The multi-tasking gut epithelium of insects |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Research Laboratory in Advanced Electronics Systems LSEA, University of Médéa, Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria;2. Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Blida 1, Blida BP 270, Algeria;1. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Institute of Integrative Biology/School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;2. UMR 6553 ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. Department of Biology, Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49069, Germany;3. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 103 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;4. Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, ARS-USDA, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;3. The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China;2. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA |
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| Abstract: | The insect gut epithelium plays a vital role in multiple processes, including nutrition, immunity and osmoregulation. Recent research is revealing the molecular and biochemical basis of these functions. For example, the pattern of nutrient acquisition by the gut epithelium is integrated into the overall regulation of nutrient allocation, as illustrated by evidence for systemic controls over expression of key genes coding digestive enzymes and transporters in carbohydrate acquisition; and the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in the gut lumen is regulated by multiple molecular properties of the gut epithelial cells, including the synthesis of enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species and anti-microbial peptides. These traits are underpinned by the function of the gut epithelium as a selective barrier which mediates the controlled movement of water, ions, metabolites and macromolecules between the gut lumen and insect tissues. Breakdown of the gut epithelial barrier has been implicated in muscle paralysis of insects at low temperatures (chill coma) and in aging. The key challenge for future research is to understand how the multiple functions of the insect gut epithelium are integrated by signaling interactions among epithelial cells, the gut microbiota and other insect organs. |
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| Keywords: | Epithelium Gut Immunity Microbiota Nutrient assimilation Stem cell |
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