Gas chromatography with surface ionization detection: a highly sensitive method for determining underivatized codeine and dihydrocodeine in body fluids |
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| Authors: | H Seno H Hattori S Kurono T Yamada T Kumazawa A Ishii O Suzuki |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom;2. Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom;3. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom;4. Laboratory of Forensic Taphonomy, Forensic Sciences Unit, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, HI, United States |
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| Abstract: | Underivatized codeine and dihydrocodeine in human plasma and urine have been determined with a high degree of accuracy by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with surface ionization detection (SID). The drugs were extracted with the aid of Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. Recovery of both drugs was 90%. The calibration curves obtained with dimemorfan as an internal standard showed linearity in the range 4.5–72.3 and 3.0–75.5 ng/ml of plasma for codeine and dihydrocodeine, respectively. The detection limit was about 100 pg on column (2.5 ng/ml sample). Codeine was determined quantitatively in plasma and urine obtained from a volunteer who had received 10 mg codeine phosphate orally 3 h before the sampling: the levels were found to be 14.1 and 142 ng/ml, respectively. The present GC-SID method has been compared carefully with GC-NPD (nitrogen-phosphorus detection) using the same extracts; the sensitivity of GC-SID was more than ten times greater than that of GC-NPD, with background noise correspondingly lower. |
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