脂联素的研究进展

脂联素（adiponectin）是一种由脂肪细胞特异性高分泌，具有多种生物学功能的特殊蛋白质它直接作用于肝脏、骨骼肌和血管，能提高胰岛素敏感性，增强脂肪酸β氧化，抵制血管炎症反应，最新研究还发现脂联素和骨生成密切相关。与其它脂肪因子不同的是，循环中脂联素的浓度与人体脂肪含量成反比，会因TNF-α的作用而上调，会被噻唑烷二酮类药物所抑制，还受到胰岛素抵抗和炎症反应的影响脂联素受体有2类，分别为AdipoR1和AdipoR2，AdipoR1主要分布在骨骼肌上，AdipoR2则高表达于肝脏组织。本文主要综述了脂联素及其受体的结构、生物学功能和研究进展。

Progress in Adiponectin

Adiponectin is a special protein with many biological functions produced by adipose cells.It can increase insulin sensitivity,protect hypertension,suppress atherosclerosis,liver fibrosis,and tumor growth,and also can increase bone mass by suppressing osteoclast and activating osteoblast.When compared with other adipokines,the levels of adiponectin are inversely proportional to body fat content.Recent studies pay attention to the roles that adiponectin played in the homeostasis of adipose tissue,pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and atherosclerosis.These pleiotropic effects make it being an attractive therapeutic target for obesity-related conditions.Two adiponectin receptors are identified,termed AdiopR1 and AdipoR2.These both are ubiquitously expressed. AdipoR1 is mos＇t highly expressed in skeletal muscle,and AdipoR2 is most highly expressed in liver.This paper rcvicws the latest research progress of adiponectin and its receptors.