Keratoconus: Current understanding of diagnosis and management |
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| Institution: | UM-St Louis-School of Optometry, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA;From the Division of Ophthalmology (Peña-García, Alió), Universidad Miguel Hernández, and the Keratoconus Unit (Alió, Vega-Estrada), Vissum Instituto Oftalmologico de Alicante, Alicante, and Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer (Barraquer), Barcelona, Spain;From the Departments of Ophthalmology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital (Sarac, Tanriverdi, Cagil), Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital (Kosekahya), Ankara, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital (Caglayan), Diyarbakir, and Afyon Sandikli State Hospital (Uzel), Afyon, Turkey;From the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;From the Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica (Ortiz-Toquero, Rodriguez, Martin), the Optometry Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada Eye Institute, the School of Optometry (Ortiz-Toquero, Zuñiga, Rodriguez, de Juan, Martin), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, and the Department of Ophthalmology (de Juan), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; the Faculty of Health and Human Sciences (Martin), Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom;From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Keratoconus is one of the more common corneal disorders found in patients that present to the optometrist with significant visual problems prior to 30 years of age. The exact prevalence is unknown and influenced by the presumptive diagnostic criteria established. Although recognized as a distinct corneal ectasia over 140 years ago, keratoconus continues to generate a tremendous amount of research interest into its etiology, diagnosis, natural history, optimal therapy, and associated behavioral and systemic conditions. This update is intended to inform the reader of the current understanding of diagnostic criteria, natural progression once diagnosed, alternatives for maximizing visual performance, and the influence of heredity for this fascinating corneal disease. |
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