Tertiary Windowing to Detect Positive Diversifying Selection |
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Authors: | Ann-Charlotte Berglund Björn Wallner Arne Elofsson David A Liberles |
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Institution: | (1) Computational Biology Unit, BCCS, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;(2) Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, SCFAB, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden |
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Abstract: | As a protein-encoding gene evolves, different selective pressures act on the gene temporally and spatially. An examination of the ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous nucleotide substitution rate ratios (Ka/Ks) has proven to be a valuable method to examine selective pressures on protein encoding genes, including detecting positive diversifying selection. To gain power over averaging all sites in a gene together, examination of sites in primary sequence windows has frequently been employed. However, selection acts on folded proteins and sites that are close in tertiary space may not be close in primary sequence. A new method for the examination of Ka/Ks ratios based upon windows in tertiary structure is introduced and applied to the leptin gene family in mammals. Tertiary sequence windowing detects new sites under positive diversifying selection and detects positive diversifying selection with a more significant signal along various branches of the leptin gene family tree.Reviewing Editor: Dr. Rasmus Nielsen |
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Keywords: | Positive diversifying selection Substitution rate Protein structure Leptin |
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