Abstract: | Under the matched‐pair design, this paper discusses estimation of the general odds ratio ORG for ordinal exposure in case‐control studies and the general risk difference RDG for ordinal outcomes in cross‐sectional or cohort studies. To illustrate the practical usefulness of interval estimators of ORG and RDG developed here, this paper uses the data from a case‐control study investigating the effect of the number of beverages drunk at “burning hot” temperature on the risk of possessing esophageal cancer, and the data from a cross‐sectional study comparing the grade distributions of unaided distance vision between two eyes. Finally, this paper notes that using the commonly‐used statistics related to odds ratio for dichotomous data by collapsing the ordinal exposure into two categories: the exposure versus the non‐exposure, tends to be less efficient than using the statistics related to ORG proposed herein. |