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Identification of a slowly inducible zeaxanthin-dependent component of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence generated under steady-state conditions in Arabidopsis
Authors:Manuela Nilkens,Petar Lambrev,Marc Mü  ller,Peter Jahns
Affiliation:a Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
b Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
Abstract:The induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under steady-state conditions, i.e. during up to 90 min of illumination at saturating light intensities, was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. Besides the well-characterized fast qE and the very slow qI component of NPQ, the analysis of the NPQ dynamics identified a zeaxanthin (Zx) dependent component which we term qZ. The formation (rise time 10-15 min) and relaxation (lifetime 10-15 min) of qZ correlated with the synthesis and epoxidation of Zx, respectively. Comparative analysis of different NPQ mutants from Arabidopsis showed that qZ was clearly not related to qE, qT or qI and thus represents a separate, Zx-dependent NPQ component.
Keywords:Ax, antheraxanthin   Chl, chlorophyll   NPQ, non-photochemical quenching   PS II, photosystem II   qE, energy-dependent quenching   qI, photoinhibitory quecnhing   qT, state transition quenching   qZ, zeaxanthin-dependent quenching   Vx, violaxanthin   Zx, zeaxanthin
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