12种酢浆草属植物核型分析

【目的】为了从细胞学角度明确12种酢浆草属（Oxalis）植物核型特征与亲缘关系，探究酢浆草属植物染色体的多样性，进一步为酢浆草种质资源鉴定与杂交育种亲本选择提供参考。【方法】应用根尖压片法对酢浆草属12个物种植物有丝分裂中期的染色体形态、数目及其核型进行观察分析。【结果】结果表明：（1）7个物种的染色体数目为首次报道，5种已报道物种中，兔耳酢浆草（O. fabaefolia）和黄花酢浆草（O. pes-caprae）染色体数目与前人报道一致，其余3种，与先前报道存在差异，其中2n=26为酢浆草属植物中首次报道的染色体数目，共发现7种染色体基数，其中x=13为首次报道，倍性范围从2x~6x；实际染色体大小范围为0.27~2.23 μm，着丝点位置为中部着丝点区（m）和亚中部着丝点区（sm），核型类型共4种，核型不对称系数范围为56.31%~65.40%。（2）12种酢浆草属植物中兔耳酢浆草最为进化，扁平酢浆草（O. compressa）最为原始。（3）根据染色体核型相似性可将12个酢浆草属植物划分为4组。【结论】研究认为，12个酢浆草属物种具有广泛的核型多样性，核型分类结果与前人形态学分类不完全一致。

Karyotype Analysis of Twelve Species of Oxalis L.

【Objective】 The study aims to definite the karyotypic characteristics and genetic relationships of 12 species of Oxalis from a cytology of view, to provide a reference for exploring the chromosome diversity of Oxalis, identifying the germplasm resources of Oxalis, and selecting the parents for cross-breeding. 【Methods】 The chromosome morphology, number and karyotype of 12 species of Oxalis plants were observed and analyzed by applying the root-tip compression method. 【Results】 The results showed that: (1) Chromosome numbers are reported for the first time for seven species, and of the five reported species, O. fabaefolia and O. pes-caprae have chromosome numbers consistent with previous reports, while the remaining three, differ from previous reports, of which 2n=26 was the first reported chromosome number in the genus Oxalis. A total of seven chromosome bases were found, of which x=13 was reported for the first time; ploidy ranged from 2x to 6x, actual chromosome sizes ranged from 0.27 μm to 2.23 μm, and the location of the attachment point was the metacentric (m) and submetacentric (sm) chromosomes. There were four karyotype types and the karyotype asymmetry coefficients ranged from 56.31% to 65.40%. (2) Among them, O. fabaefolia was the most evolved, and O. compressa was the most primitive. (3) According to the similarity of chromosomal karyotypes, the 12 species of Oxalis can be divided into four groups. 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that the 12 species of Oxalis had extensive karyotypic diversity and that the results of the karyotypic classification were not in complete agreement with the morphological classifications of the previous researchers.