基于SSR分子标记的73份山葡萄及杂交后代的遗传多样性分析

采用SSR分子标记技术,分析俄罗斯葡萄资源及东北山葡萄资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,旨在为葡萄种质资源利用与创新及分子标记辅助育种提供依据。筛选11对多态性好的SSR引物分析了10份东北山葡萄品种和63份俄罗斯引种葡萄的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。11对引物在73份葡萄资源中共检测到75个等位基因,每个位点扩增3(VVIN31)-10(VVS2)个等位基因,平均等位基因6.8182个,有效等位基因(Ne)在5.280(VVS2)-1.3050(VVIN31)之间,平均值为3.5196;Shannon多态性信息指数(I)范围1.8830(VVS2)-0.4678(VVIN31),平均值1.3736;各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.2337(VVIN31)-0.8098(VVS2)平均值0.6440,其中VVIN31、VMCA12位点只具有低中度多态性;Nei’s遗传多样指数在0.8098(VVS2)-0.2337(VVIN31)之间,平均值0.6444,表明各位点遗传多样性存在较大差异,等位基因在群体内的分布不均匀;观测杂合度变化范围为0.1667-0.9315,平均值0.4642,期望杂合度变化范围0.8154-0.2353,平均值为0.6489,不同位点杂合度差异较大,平均观测杂合度低于期望杂合度,表示种群内存在一定的近交率,杂合体缺失,纯合体较多;遗传分化系数Fst平均值为0.1183。基因流Nm平均值为1.8641,种质中度遗传分化,基因流较大。聚类分析结果表明东北山葡萄资源与俄罗斯野生葡萄资源亲缘关系较近,与俄罗斯选育葡萄资源亲缘关系较远;俄罗斯选育品种的遗传多样性高于山葡萄品种与俄罗斯野生葡萄资源。11对SSR引物含有丰富的多态性信息,73份葡萄资源产生了中度的遗传分化,基因流较丰富,俄罗斯葡萄资源的遗传多样性较丰富,可用于山葡萄新品种选育。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 73 Vitis amurensis and Its Hybrids Offsprings Based on SSR Molecular Markers

The genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Vitis amurensis between Russia and Northeast China were analyzed with the SSR molecular marker technology,aiming to provide references for utilization and innovation of grape germplasm resources and molecular marker-assisted breeding of species.In the study,11 pairs of SSR primers with fine polymorphism were selected and used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 10 Vitis amurensis from Northeast China and 63 Russia-introduced grapes.Total 75 alleles were detected in 73 grape resources by 11 pairs of primers,the number of observed alleles ranged from 3(VVIN31)to 10(VVS2)with the average of 6.8182.The number of effective alleles(Ne)ranged from 1.3050(VVIN31)to 5.280(VVS2)with the average of 3.5196.The Shannon’s polymorphism information index(I)ranged from 0.4678(VVIN31)to 1.8830(VVS2)with the average of 1.3736.The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2337(VVIN31)to 0.8098(VVS2)with the mean value of 0.6440,but the sites VVIN31 and VMCA12 only had low moderate polymorphism.Nei’s genetic diversity index ranged from 0.8098(VVS2)to 0.2337(VVIN31),with an average value 0.6444,indicating that the genetic diversity of each site was quite different and the alleles were not evenly distributed in the population.The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1667 to 0.9315 with the average value of 0.4642,the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.8154 to 0.2353,with an average value of 0.6489.The heterozygosity of different sites varied greatly,and the average observed heterozygosity was lower than the expected heterozygosity,indicating that there was a certain inbreeding rate in the population,the heterozygotes was lack,and there were many homozygotes.The average coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.1183 and the average of gene flow Nm was 1.8641,showing that medium genetic differentiation of germplasm and large gene flow.The result of cluster analysis demonstrated that the relationship between Chinese grape resources and Russian wild grape resources was close,but that with Russian selective grape resources was far.The genetic diversity of selected varieties in Russia was higher than that of Chinese grape varieties and wild grape resources in Russia.Elven pairs of SSR primers have rich polymorphism information,73 grape resources generate moderate genetic differentiation and abundant gene flow,and the genetic diversity of Russian grape resources is rich,which can be used for breeding new grape varieties.