多组学分析在炎症性肠病中的应用与研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种累及回肠、直肠和结肠的特发性慢性肠道炎症性疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病,在临床表现、病程和治疗反应等方面具有高度异质性。目前,关于IBD的发病机制尚未明确,治疗方法相对有限。由遗传、环境、肠道微生态以及宿主免疫失衡在内的多因素共同导致了过度活跃的炎症反应并最终引发患者的肠道粘膜屏障受损和管腔菌群紊乱。单一组学的分析无法全面揭示IBD发病过程中复杂的相互协同作用机制,更无法挖掘潜在的治疗靶点和开发有效的干预策略。因此需要运用多组学关联分析技术以帮助研究者从多个维度解析IBD的发病机制。回顾和分析了多组学技术在IBD相关研究领域中的应用,并且讨论了使用这些方法在IBD分型、早期诊断和个性化医疗等领域的潜力,以期为进一步研究IBD发病机制奠定良好基础。

Application and Advances of Multi-omics Analysis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),is an idiopathic inflammatory disease most commonly affecting the ileum,rectum,and colon.It shows highly heterogeneous in terms of clinical manifestation,disease’s progression and therapeutic response.Currently,there is no consensus on the pathogenesis underlying IBD,while the treatment options are quite limited.Overactive inflammatory responses are leading to the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier and disorder of intestinal flora disturbance,which is caused by genetic factors,environmental factors,intestinal micro-ecology and host immunological imbalance.Revealing the complex interaction mechanism in the pathogenesis of IBD,excavating potential therapeutic targets,and developing effective intervention strategies cannot be achieved via mono-omics analysis.Thus,there is a need to apply multi-omics association analysis techniques in further elucidating the pathogenesis of IBD at multiple dimensions.In this review,we retrospect and analyze the application of multi-omics techniques in fields related to IBD research.Moreover,we discuss their potential in the fields of individualized diagnosis and treatment,early diagnosis,and IBD typing,which is aimed to lay a foundation in further investigation of IBD.