放牧家畜食性选择机制研究进展

动物的食性选择是一个十分复杂的主题.本文从不同角度，结合多学科的研究成果对放牧家畜食性选择机制问题进行了阐述：1）食性选择行为发生的机制，包括基于遗传和学习两方面的解释，其中动物具有的学习机制主要有来自动物个体的学习（采食后反馈、试错学习）、向其他社会群体的学习，以及在进行斑块、景观水平选择时，所采用的空间记忆、视觉线索和皮肤防御系统机制等；2）放牧家畜食性选择策略的4个综合性假说：经验法则、边际值法则、优化采食理论、最小总不适感概念；3）食性选择机制研究存在的问题与展望，诸如空间尺度问题、动物消化生理因素以及多因素互作研究的不足等.

Research advances in diet selection mechanisms of grazing herbivores

Diet selection is a complicated topic.This paper reviewed the multi-disciplinary research advances in the diet selection mechanisms of grazing herbivores.There were two hypotheses about the mechanisms.One assumed that the diet selection behaviors were inherited and innate,while the other supposed that they were from learning,including post-ingestive feedback,trial-and-error learning,social learning,spatial memory,visual cues,and skin-defense.Four hypotheses on diet selection strategies including RT,MVT,OFT and MTD of grazing herbivores were summarized,and the prospects of grazing herbivores diet selection study,such as spatial-scale of diet selection,physiological factors of digestion,and interactions of multiple affecting factors,were discussed.