唐古拉山以北地区生态资产核算

生态系统核算可以为生态文明建设提供定量性的决策依据,包括生态资产核算和生态系统服务核算两个方面,生态资产指生产和提供生态系统产品和服务的生态系统。以唐古拉山以北地区(简称唐北地区)为研究对象对其生态资产进行了核算,建立生态资产实物量及变化核算表、损益表,提出了生态资产综合指数。2015年唐北地区草地生态资产面积为21800.01 km²,其中良级比重最高达68.46%,湿地生态资产面积为4763.01 km²,其中优级比例最高为59.72%,野生动植物共有138种,其中重点保护动物10种。2015年唐北地区生态资产综合指数为79.77,比2000年降低了3.60%。2000—2015年,湿地、草地生态资产分别增加了164.23、2.82 km²。2000—2015年湿地生态资产存量增加202.90 km²,其中由湿地恢复导致面积增加最大为200.50 km²,存量减少38.63 km²,其中湿地退化是导致存量减少的主要原因,面积为36.23 km^...

Ecological asset accounting in North District of Tanggula Mountain

The ecosystem accounting can offer quantitative evidence for evidence-based decision making in ecological civilization building, including ecological asset accounting and ecosystem services accounting. However, the ecological asset accounting system has not reached a consensus by stakeholders. Ecological asset indicates the ecosystems that provide ecological goods and services. In our study, we took the north district of Tanggula Mountain (Tangbei District for short) as a case to do a comprehensive ecological asset accounting. The biophysical account and changes sheet, profit and loss account sheet were built. We established a composite index of ecological asset. The results revealed that the grassland ecosystems were mainly of good level (68.46%). The wetland ecosystems were mainly of excellent level (59.72%). There were 138 kinds of wild fauna and flora, of which ten were state-level key protected animals. The composite index of ecological asset was 79.77 in 2015 that decreased by 3.60% from 2000 to 2015. During the fifteen years, the ecological assets of wetland ecosystem and grassland ecosystem increased by 164.23 km² and 2.82 km², respectively. The wetland asset increased by 202.90 km² mainly because of wetlands recovery (200.50 km²) and decreased by 38.63 km² mainly due to wetland degradation (36.23 km²). The grassland ecosystem asset increased by 39.18 km² that mainly caused by grassland expansion and decreased by 36.26 km² that mainly caused by wetlands recovery (26.20 km²) and desertification (9.65 km²). The comprehensively accounting system of ecological asset meant a lot to implement outgoing accountability regime so as to build ecological civilization in China.