Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of apple and pear by vitrification |
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Authors: | T. Niino A. Sakai H. Yakuwa K. Nojiri |
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Affiliation: | (1) Laboratory of Plant and Tissue Preservation, Department of Genetic Resources II, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, 6000-1, Tohkamachi, Shinjo, 996 Yamagata, Japan;(2) Asabucho 1-5-23, Kitaku, 001 Sapporo, Japan |
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Abstract: | In vitro-grown shoot tips of apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. Three-week-old in vitro apple plantlets were cold-hardened at 5°C for 3 weeks. Excised shoot tips from hardened plantlets were precultured on a solidified Murashige & Skoog agar medium (MS) supplemented with 0.7 M sucrose for 1 day at 5°C. Following preculture shoot tips were transferred to a 2 ml plastic cryotube and a highly concentrated cryoprotective solution (designated PVS2) was then added at 25°C. The PVS2 contains (W/V) 30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% dimethylsulfoxide in medium containing 0.4 M sucrose. After dehydration at 25°C for 80 min, the shoot tips were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. After rapid warming, the shoot tips were expelled into 2 ml of MS medium containing 1.2 M sucrose and then plated on agar MS medium. Direct shoot elongation was observed in approximately 3 weeks. The average rate of shoot formation was about 80%. This vitrification method was successfully applied to five apple species or cultivars and eight pear cultivars. This method appears to be a promising technique for cryopreserving shoot tips from in vitro-grown plantlets of fruit trees.Abbreviations DMSO dimethylsulfoxide - EG ethylene glycol - PVS2 vitrification solution - LN liquid nitrogen - BA 6-benzylaminopurine - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - SE standard error - ABA abscisic acid |
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Keywords: | apple cryopreservation fruit trees Malus pear Pyrus shoot tips vitrification |
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