施肥与品种及其种子大小对冬小麦光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土样,采用4个冬小麦品种、3种播种方式和4种施肥方式进行盆栽试验,研究施肥、品种和种子大小对小麦叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:(1)在开花期和灌浆期,旗叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均为NP配施最高,其平均值分别比对照显著增加17.83%和13.01%;NP配施条件下,在开花期和灌浆期SPAD均为大粒单播较高并显著高于小粒单播;开花期和灌浆期SPAD分别以远丰998和咸农39最高并显著高于其它品种,平均比最低的白芒麦分别高17.68%和18.75%.(2)对旗叶净光合速率来说,开花期的NP配施处理比对照略有下降,而单施N和P分别比对照显著降低13.03%和23.17%,灌浆期的平均值以NP配施最高且比对照显著提高6.95%;小偃6号在开花期显著高于其余品种4.01%~6.19%(P<0.05),而白芒麦和咸农39则在灌浆期具有较明显优势,均分别显著高于其余品种约16.60%~26.91%;在开花期和灌浆期,2种单播方式平均值相近且显著高于混播方式.(3)就叶片Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值而言,NP配施明显高于其它施肥处理,且NP均衡供应时远丰998和混播方式具有明显优势.可见,氮磷配施有利于提高各品种SPAD值、Pn以及叶片Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo比值,能有效改善植株的光合特性;施肥与品种、施肥与播种方式以及播种方式与品种存在显著交互作用,宜因种施肥.

Effects of Fertilization, Variety and Seed Size on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Winter Wheat

A pot experiment was carried out to compare the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of four winter wheat varieties.The experiment also included three sowing ways and four fertilizer treatments.The results showed that:(1) The highest SPAD was obtained at flowering and filling stage with NP treatments,and there were significant differences among different fertilization treatments.Comparing to no nitrogen treatment,SPAD increased 17.83% and 13.01% with NP treatments at flowing and filling stage,respectively.SPAD of big seed was significantly higher than that of small seed with NP treatment at flowering and filling stage.SPAD of 'Yuanfeng 998' and 'Xiannong 39' were significantly higher than those of the other varieties,and increased 17.68% and 18.75% comparing to 'Baimangmai',respectively.(2) Comparing to no nitrogen treatment,Pn of NP treatment decreased appreciably,and of N and P treatment decreased significantly 13.03% and 23.17% at flowering stage,respectively.At filling stage,the average Pn of NP treatment was the highest,and significantly increased 6.95% than that without no nitrogen treatment.Pn of 'Xiaoyan 6' was significantly higher than other varieties at flowering stage,but 'Baimangmai' and 'Xiannong 39' were significantly higher from 16.60% to 26.91% than those of other varieties at filling stage,respectively.The average of big and small seed was closer,and was significantly higher than mixed seed.(3) The Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo value of leaf with NP treatment were obvious higher than those of other fertilization treatments,and 'Yuanfeng 998' and sowing ways of mixed seed with NP treatment were the highest.The research suggested that applying nitrogen and phosphorus together was beneficial to increase the SPAD value,Pn,Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo value of leaf,which also could improve the ability of photosynthesis of plant.There were remarkable interactions among fertilization,varieties,seed size and applying fertilizer should be related to the difference of varieties.