Depletion of preexisting B-cell lymphoma 2-expressing senescent cells before vaccination impacts antigen-specific antitumor immune responses in old mice |
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Authors: | Ozmen Cobanoglu Lou Delval Daniele Ferrari Lucie Deruyter Séverine Heumel Isabelle Wolowczuk Abir Hussein Ayse Nur Menevse David Bernard Philip Beckhove Frauke Alves François Trottein |
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Affiliation: | 1. CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France;2. Translational Molecular Imaging Group, Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany;3. Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;4. Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France;5. Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | The age-related decline in immunity reduces the effectiveness of vaccines in older adults. Immunosenescence is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, and the accumulation of senescent cells. The latter express Bcl-2 family members (providing resistance to cell death) and exhibit a pro-inflammatory, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Preexisting senescent cells cause many aging-related disorders and therapeutic means of eliminating these cells have recently gained attention. The potential consequences of senescent cell removal on vaccine efficacy in older individuals are still ignored. We used the Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-263 to investigate the effects of pre-vaccination senolysis on immune responses in old mice. Two different ovalbumin (OVA)-containing vaccines (containing a saponin-based or a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant) were tested. ABT-263 depleted senescent cells (apoptosis) and ablated the basal and lipopolysaccharide-induced production of SASP-related factors in old mice. Depletion of senescent cells prior to vaccination (prime/boost) had little effect on OVA-specific antibody and T-cell responses (slightly reduced and augmented, respectively). We then used a preclinical melanoma model to test the antitumor potential of senolysis before vaccination (prime with the vaccine and OVA boost by tumor cells). Surprisingly, ABT-263 treatment abrogated the vaccine's ability to protect against B16 melanoma growth in old animals, an effect associated with reduced antigen-specific T-cell responses. Some, but not all, of the effects were age-specific, which suggests that preexisting senescent cells were partly involved. Hence, depletion of senescent cells modifies immune responses to vaccines in some settings and caution should be taken when incorporating senolytics into vaccine-based cancer therapies. |
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Keywords: | aging Bcl-2 cellular senescence immune responses senolytics tumor growth vaccination |
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