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Integrons,transposons and IS elements promote diversification of multidrug resistance plasmids and adaptation of their hosts to antibiotic pollutants from pharmaceutical companies |
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| Authors: | Masaki Shintani Gisle Vestergaard Milena Milakovi? Susanne Kublik Kornelia Smalla Michael Schloter Nikolina Udikovi?-Koli? |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan;2. Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), ?Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal);3. Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru?er Bo?kovi? Institute, Croatia Contribution: Formal analysis (equal);4. Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Zagreb, Germany Contribution: Data curation (equal);5. Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany Contribution: Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);6. Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Zagreb, Germany Contribution: Validation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);7. Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru?er Bo?kovi? Institute, Croatia |
| Abstract: | Plasmids are important vehicles for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria by conjugation. Here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of nine different plasmids previously obtained by exogenous plasmid isolation from river and creek sediments and wastewater from a pharmaceutical company. We identified six IncP/P-1ε plasmids and single members of IncL, IncN and IncFII-like plasmids. Genetic structures of the accessory regions of the IncP/P-1ε plasmids obtained implied that multiple insertions and deletions had occurred, mediated by different transposons and Class 1 integrons with various ARGs. Our study provides compelling evidence that Class 1 integrons, Tn402-like transposons, Tn3-like transposons and/or IS26 played important roles in the acquisition of ARGs across all investigated plasmids. Our plasmid sequencing data provide new insights into how these mobile genetic elements could mediate the acquisition and spread of ARGs in environmental bacteria. |
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