云杉核型的研究兼论云杉属的进化地位

本文分析了我国特产树种云杉Picea asperata的核型,K(2n)=24=20m+4sm,属2A类型,染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=2L+12M_2+SM_1+2S。云杉属植物(22种、变种)的核型全由臂比小于2的中部和近中着丝粒染色体构成,是较为原始的核型。根据松科各属核型的比较,作者讨论了云杉属的亲缘关系和进化地位,并得到形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、植化学、生化学及古植物学等的支持。

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KARYOTYPE OF PICEA ASPERATA WITH A DISCUSSION ON THE EVOLUTIONARY POSITION OF PICEA (PINACEAE)

The present paper deals with the karyotype analysis of Picea asperata Mast, endemic to China. The karyotypic formula of the species is K(2n) = 24 = 20m+4sm, which belongs to Stebbins' 2A type and the chromosome complement on relative length is 2n = 24 = 2L+ 12M2+8M1+2S. The karyotypes of the genus Picea (22 species and varieties) are all composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes (see Table 2), which with arm ratio 2 and they are primary ones. On the basis of the comparison among the karyotypes of Pinaceous genera, the author discusses the relationship and evolutionary position of Picea, and they are supported by morphology, anatomy, palynology, phytochemistry, biochemistry, palaeobotany and so on.