人参茎叶提取物对刺参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响

以初始体重为(4.910.17) g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)为研究对象,研究投喂不同剂量人参茎叶提取物对刺参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响,探讨人参茎叶提取物在刺参养殖中的应用。在每千克基础饲料中分别添加10、20、40和80 g人参茎叶提取物作为实验组,并以基础饲料为对照进行为期30d的饲喂养殖。结果显示,投喂人参茎叶提取物对刺参的生长并无显著影响,刺参特定生长率不随人参茎叶提取物添加量的增加而提高。当人参茎叶提取物添加量为80 g/kg时,刺参体腔细胞总数、呼吸暴发强度、细胞吞噬活性、超氧化物歧化酶活力、总一氧化氮合酶活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05);当人参茎叶提取物添加量为40 g/kg时,细胞吞噬活性也显著高于对照组(P0.05),但其余免疫指标与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05);当人参茎叶提取物的添加量不大于20 g/kg时,各项免疫指标与对照组之间均无显著差异(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明, 20、40和80 g/kg人参茎叶提取物组的健康率要高于对照组,其中80 g/kg人参茎叶提取物组健康率为80.56%要显著高于对照组和10 g/kg人参茎叶提取物组(P0.05)。人参茎叶提取物可作为免疫增强剂应用于刺参的养殖中来提高刺参的免疫和抗病能力。  

EFFECTS OF GINSENG STEM AND LEAF EXTRACTS ON THE GROWTH,IMMUNITY AND THE RESISTANCE TO DISEASES IN SEA CUCUMBERS (APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICAS)

To investigate the actual effects of ginseng stem and leaf extracts in the farming of sea cucumbers(Apostichopus japonicas), we conducted experiments to study the growth, immunity and the resistance to diseases in sea cucumbers treated with ginseng extracts. The sea cucumbers had an initial body weight of(4.910.17) g, and were fed with ginseng stem-leaf extracts at the levels of 10, 20, 40 and 80 g per kg for 30 days. Basal diet without ginseng abstract served as the control treatment. The specific growth rates(SGR) of sea cucumbers showed no changes in re-sponse to the increase in ginseng stem-leaf extracts. Compared to the control, sea cucumbers fed with 80 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts showed significantly higher levels in total coelomocytes count(TCC), respiratory burst(RB) activity, phagocytosis, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and total nitric oxide synthase(T-NOS)(P0.05). Enhancement in phago-cytosis was also observed in sea cucumbers fed with 40 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts(P0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other immune parameters between the 10 g/kg group, the 20 g/kg group, and the control group(P0.05). Results of the challenge trial suggested that sea cucumbers fed with 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg and 80 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts were healthier than the control. The health rate of sea cucumbers fed with 80 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts was 80.56%, which was significantly higher than the control and the 10 g/kg group(P0.05). There-fore, we concluded that the treatment with ginseng stem-leaf extracts might improve the immunity and the resistance to diseases in sea cucumbers and thus could be used as an immunity enhancer in the farming of the sea cucumbers.