重庆黔江发现尾突角蟾

2022年7月在重庆市黔江区武陵山市级自然保护区采集到1号两栖动物标本，经形态特征比较，与尾突角蟾（Boulenophrys caudoprocta）相似；基于线粒体16Sr RNA和COI基因联合构建布角蟾属（Boulenophrys）部分物种系统发育树，此次采集的角蟾标本与尾突角蟾聚为一支，具有较高的支持率（1/100，贝叶斯法/最大似然超快速引导支持分析值）；基于p-distance估算本次采集的角蟾标本与尾突角蟾湖南模式产地标本间的遗传距离为0%，远小于角蟾属物种间的遗传距离（8.7%～15.9%）。综合形态特征和分子系统发育比较，确定此次采集到的角蟾标本为无尾目（Anura）角蟾科（Megophryidae）布角蟾属的尾突角蟾，系重庆市两栖动物分布新记录种。重庆市尾突角蟾的发现，进一步扩展了该地区的物种名录，拓宽了对尾突角蟾分布范围的认知，为该属区系分类学和系统学提供了新信息，同时为当地生态系统和物种多样性的研究提供了基础信息，对制定更加全面和针对性的保护措施有着积极的促进作用。

Boulenophrys caudoprocta Found in Qianjiang, Chongqing, China

In July 2022, a Megophryidae specimen was collected during a field investigation in Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve, Qianjiang District, Chongqing Municipality (Fig. 1). The aim of this study is to conduct morphological and phylogenetic analyses to identify the species. Morphological characteristics of the discovered species from Chongqing were comparatively analyzed with those of Boulenophrys caudoprocta from Hunan. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by amplifying mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes and obtaining information on the 16S rRNA and COI genes of 22 Boulenophrys species from the NCBI GenBank database (Table 1). Corresponding sequences for Xenophrys glandulosa and X. mangshanensis were also downloaded and used as outgroups. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using IQ-TREE, and Bayesian tree was constructed using MrBayes 3.2.1. The best-fit model was determined using the Bayesian inference criteria (BIC) computed by ModelFinder. The results of the morphological comparison between Chongqing and Hunan samples appeared to be similar (Fig. 2). The snout vent length of the female species discovered in Qianjiang District (78.2 mm) was slightly longer than that of topotype HNUL 090808dp (77.8 mm), but was slightly shorter than that of the B. caudoprocta specimen from Houhe National Nature Reserve (80.5 mm) (Table 2). Genetic analysis based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes revealed that the B. caudoprocta group species in Qianjiang District of Chongqing and the group species from Badagongshan Nature Reserve of Hunan clustered into one branch (Fig. 3). For both 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences, the uncorrected p- distances between B. caudoprocta specimens from Chongqing and Hunan were zero, implying an absence of genetic differentiation between the two populations. (Table 3, 4). The collected Boulenophrys specimen was identified as B. caudoprocta, which is a new record of amphibian distribution in Chongqing based on thorough morphological and phylogenetic analyses.