Involuntary smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer in an East Asian population |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;2. Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;3. Prostate Cancer Patient Advocate, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee;4. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California;5. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;6. Center for Health Policy Research and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California;7. Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;8. Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;9. Health Policy Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California;10. Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey;11. School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences center, New Orleans, Louisiana;12. Tennessee Valley Veterans Administration Health System, Nashville, Tennessee;13. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas;1. Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;2. Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;3. Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;5. Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;6. Pedigree and Population Resources, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;7. University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;8. Utah Cancer Registry, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;9. Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;10. Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;11. Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;12. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States;1. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;2. Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlthough tobacco involuntary smoking is an established risk factor for lung cancer, the association with head and neck cancer (HNC) is not established. We aimed to investigate this potential association in an East Asian population.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter case-control study in East Asia including eight centers. We restricted our analysis to never tobacco smokers (303 cases and 459 controls) and to never tobacco smokers/never alcohol drinkers (243 cases and 403 controls).ResultsAmong never tobacco smokers, involuntary smoking was associated with a 1.47-fold increase in risk of HNC (95%CI = 1.02, 2.13) and a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of oral cavity cancer (95%CI = 1.14, 2.92). Among never tobacco smokers who were also never alcohol drinkers, increased risks were detected for more than 3 h per day of involuntary smoking exposure and for 15 or more years of exposure. A dose-response relation was suggested for frequency of exposure (p for trend = 0.014) and for years of exposure (p for trend = 0.010) for oral cavity cancer. We did not detect strong increases in the risk of the other HNC subsites.ConclusionsOur study supports the association between involuntary smoking and the risk of HNC. The association may be stronger for oral cavity cancer than for other HNC subsites. |
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| Keywords: | Head and neck cancer Involuntary smoking Never tobacco smokers Never alcohol drinkers |
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