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Alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the SYNERGY study
Institution:1. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada;2. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA;4. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, USA;5. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan;6. Division of Cancer Information and Contorl, Aichi Cancer Centre Research Institute, Japan;7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK;8. Department of Environmental Epidemiology, INSERM U170, Villejuif, France;9. The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA;10. Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France;11. Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;12. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;13. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH after National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA;14. Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA;15. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA;p. Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology and Clalit Health Services National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel;q. Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada;r. Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA;s. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA;t. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;u. CRCHUM (Centre de recherche du CHUM) and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;v. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, USA;w. University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, and CIBERESP, Spain;x. Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA;y. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;z. Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncoly (ICO-IDIBELL), L''Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;1. Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United Kingdom;2. Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;3. Environment and Radiation Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;4. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden;5. IARC Monographs Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;6. CIBER de Epidemiology y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain;7. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany;8. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;1. Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK;3. Duke University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition; Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC;4. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH;1. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;2. Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;1. Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Punjab, 147002, India;2. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India;1. Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, C/San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain;2. CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain;3. National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;4. Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany;5. Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9,100, 28034, Madrid, Spain;6. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, C/Gladiolo, s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain;7. The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, Vegazana Campus, s/n, 24071, León, Spain;8. Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), and ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908, L''Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;9. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain;10. Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, Gran Via de L''Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;11. Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Leyre, 15, 31003, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;12. University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Building \"Santiago Gascón\", 1st Floor. Campus of \"El Cristo\" B, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;13. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cantabria - Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), C/Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n, 39011, Santander, Cantabria, Spain;14. Natural Resources, Health and Environment Research Center (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21007, Huelva, Spain;15. Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), C/Micer Mascó, 31, 46010, Valencia, Spain;p. General Directorate Public Health, Valencian Community, Avenida de Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain;q. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18071, Granada, Spain;r. Granada Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA). Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain;s. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Authority, IMIB-Arrixaca, Ronda de Levante, 11, 30008, Murcia, Spain;t. Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Avenida Teniente Flomesta, 5, 30003, Murcia, Spain;u. Department of Oncology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071, León, Spain;v. Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital del Mar, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;w. Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;x. ISGlobal, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;y. Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain;z. Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Avenida Dr. Fedriani, s/n, 41071, Sevilla, Spain;1. Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health and Louisiana Tumor Registry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States;2. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;3. Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health and Louisiana Tumor Registry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States;4. School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
Abstract:BackgroundThere is inadequate evidence to determine whether there is an effect of alcohol consumption on lung cancer risk. We conducted a pooled analysis of data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the SYNERGY study to investigate this possible association by type of beverage with adjustment for other potential confounders.MethodsTwenty one case-control studies and one cohort study with alcohol-intake data obtained from questionnaires were included in this pooled analysis (19,149 cases and 362,340 controls). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each measure of alcohol consumption. Effect estimates were combined using random or fixed-effects models where appropriate. Associations were examined for overall lung cancer and by histological type.ResultsWe observed an inverse association between overall risk of lung cancer and consumption of alcoholic beverages compared to non-drinkers, but the association was not monotonic. The lowest risk was observed for persons who consumed 10–19.9 g/day ethanol (OR vs. non-drinkers = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91), where 1 drink is approximately 12–15 g. This J-shaped association was most prominent for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The association with all lung cancer varied little by type of alcoholic beverage, but there were notable differences for SCC. We observed an association with beer intake (OR for ≥20 g/day vs nondrinker = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.90).ConclusionsWhether the non-monotonic associations we observed or the positive association between beer drinking and squamous cell carcinoma reflect real effects await future analyses and insights about possible biological mechanisms.
Keywords:Alcohol  Lung cancer  Pooled analysis
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