无脊椎动物清道夫受体的免疫调控

在长期进化的过程中，无脊椎动物逐渐形成了受体识别-信号传导-免疫应答为特征的天然免疫体系，以清除凋亡细胞或外界的病原微生物。清道夫受体（SRs）是一类位于细胞表面的跨膜受体，也是一类参与无脊椎动物天然免疫反应的重要模式识别受体。清道夫受体参与免疫反应的异己靶标识别，通过下游信号级联调控抗菌肽合成和吞噬作用。本文综述了无脊椎动物清道夫受体的种类、结构及其参与天然免疫的调控机制，探讨了无脊椎动物清道夫受体研究中尚待解决的问题。

Immune Regulation of Scavenger Receptors in Invertebrates

In the long process of evolution, invertebrates gradually developed an innate immune system characterized by receptor recognition, signal transduction, and immune response to clear apoptotic cells or pathogenic microorganisms. Scavenger receptors (SRs) are transmembrane pattern recognition receptors located on the cell surface that play an important role in the innate immune response of invertebrates. SRs participate in the recognition of non-self targets in the immune responses and regulate antimicrobial peptide synthesis and phagocytosis through downstream signal cascades. In this review, the types and structures of SRs in invertebrates and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the innate immunity of invertebrates were introduced, and the remaining problems in the study of SRs in invertebrates were discussed.