Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to Cd or Cu excess leads to oxidative stress mediated alterations in MAPKinase transcript levels |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China;3. Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, PR China;1. Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università Statale di Milano, Via Celoria n°2, 20133, Milano, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China;3. Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA;4. International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;5. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;6. Institute of Quality Stander and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciencs, Guangzhou 510640, China;1. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. Laboratory for Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Metals, like cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), have the ability to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular level. It is widely known that these ROS can cause irreversible damage to cellular components, like DNA, proteins and lipids. On the other hand, ROS can also act as signaling molecules and in this way they play an essential role in many normal physiological processes, but also in defense responses against stress. ROS signaling in plants uses mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways leading to the transcriptional control of target genes involved in the scavenging or production of ROS. Here, oxidative signaling induced by exposure to excess Cd or Cu was investigated in relation to anti-oxidative defense responses to these metals. Three-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of Cu and Cd and immediate responses were measured at the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, lipid peroxidation and transcript levels of genes involved in ROS homeostasis and signaling. Our findings show immediate (after 2 h exposure) effects in the roots following Cu exposure, whereas effects in the leaves were generally more delayed. Effects of Cd exposure in leaves and roots were observed only after 24 h exposure. On one hand, exposure of roots to Cu leads via activation of NADPH oxidases and Fenton reactions to H2O2 production that can induce MAPK and oxylipin signaling to control the cellular redox status. On the other hand, conversion of H2O2 to the more damaging hydroxyl radical by Fenton and Haber–Weiss reactions can initiate lipid peroxidation leading to membrane damage. In roots exposed to elevated Cd concentrations only oxidative signaling was initiated, possibly via NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production. In leaves, time-dependent activation of MAPK and oxylipin signaling was seen after exposure to both metals, Cu or Cd, independent of changes in H2O2 content. |
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